composers of Rigveda

The list of composers of Rigveda

Following is the list of composers of Rigveda according to the Sarvanukramani.
There are 1028 hymns divided into 10 Mandalas in Rigveda.

The style of naming is as follows-
If Madhuchhandas is the son of Vishvamitra, his name would be written as Madhuchhandas Vaishvamitra meaning Madhucchandas- the son of Vishwamitra.

MANDALA	HYMN	COMPOSER
1	1-10	Madhucchandas Vaishvamitra
	11	Jeta Madhucchandas
	12-23	Medhatithi Kanva
	24-30	Shunahshepa Ajigarti later Devarata Vaishvamitra
	31-35	Hiranyastupa Angiras
	36-43	Kanva Ghaura
	44-50	Praskanva Kanva
	51-57	Savya Angiras
	58-64	Nodhas Gautama
	65-73	Parashara Shaktya
	74-93	Gotama Rahugana
	94-98	Kutsa Angiras
	99	Kashyapa Maricha
	100	Rujrashva Varshagira
	101-115	Kutsa Angiras
	116-126	Kakshivan Dairghatamas
	127-139	Parucchepa Daivodasi
	140-164	Dirghatamas Aucathya
	165-191	Agastya Maitravaruni
2	1-3	Gritsamada Shaunahotra, later Gritsamada Shaunaka
	4-7	Somahuti Bhargava
	8-26	Gritsamada Shaunahotra, later Gritsamada Shaunaka
	27-29	Kurma Gartsamada
	30-43	Gritsamada Shaunahotra, later Gritsamada Shaunaka
3	1-12	Vishwamitra Gathina
	13-14	Rushabha Vishwamitra
	15-16	Utkila Katya
	17-18	Kata Vishwamitra
	19-22	Gathina Kaushika.
	23-35	Vishwamitra Gathina,Devshrava,Devavat Bharat
	36	Vishwamitra Gathina, Ghora Angiras
	37	Vishwamitra Gathina
	38	Vishwamitra Gathina, Prajapati Vishwamitra/Vachya
	39-53	Vishwamitra Gathina
	54-56	Prajapati Vishwamitra /Vachya
	57-61	Vishwamitra Gathina
	62	Vishwamitra Gathina, Jamadagni Bhargava
4	1-42	Vamdeva Gautama
	43-44	Purumilha Sauhotra, Ajamilha Sauhotra
	45-58	Vamdeva Gautama
5	1	Budha/ Gavishthira Atreya
	2	Kumara/Vrusha Jana Atreya
	3-6	Vasushruta Atreya
	7-8	Isha Atreya
	9-10	Gaya Atreya
	11-14	Sutambhara Atreya
	15	Dharuna Angiras
	16-17	Puru Atreya
	18	Dvita Atreya
	19	Vavri Atreya
	20	Prayasvanta Atreya
	21	Sasa Atreya
	22	Vishvasaman Atreya
	23	Dyumna Vishvacharshani Atreya
	24	Bandhu, Subandhu, Srutabandhu,  Viprabandhu (Gaupayanas)
	25-26	Vasuyava Atreya
	27	Atri Bhauma
	28	Vishvavara Atreyi
	29	GaurivIti Sankruti (Angiras family)
	30	Babhru Atreya
	31	Avasyu Atreya
	32	Gatu Atreya
	33-34	Samvarana Prajapatya
	35-36	Prabhuvasu Angiras
	37-43	Atri Bhauma
	44	Avatsara Kashyapa, various Atreyas
	45	Sadapruna Atreya
	46	Pratikshatra Atreya
	47	Pratiratha Atreya
	48	Pratibhanu Atreya
	49	Pratiprabha Atreya
	50-51	Svasti Atreya
	52-61	Shyavashva Atreya
	62	Srutavida Atreya
	63-64	Arcananas Atreya
	65-66	Ratahavya Atreya
	67-68	Yajata Atreya
	69-70	Uruchakri Atreya
	71-72	Bahuvrukta Atreya
	73-74	Paura Atreya
	75	Avasyu Atreya
	76-77	Atri Bhauma
	78	Saptavadhri Atreya
	79-80	Satyashravas Atreya
	81-82	Shyavashva Atreya
	83-86	Atri Bhauma
	87	Evayamarut Atreya
6	1-30	Bharadvaja Barhaspatya
	31-32	Suhotra Bharadvaja
	33-34	Shunahotra Bharadvaja
	35-36	Nara Bharadvaja
	37-43	Bharadvaja Barhaspatya
	44-46	Samyu Barhaspatya
	47	Garga Bharadvaja
	48	Samyu Barhaspatya
	49-52	Rijishvan Bharadvaja
	53-74	Bharadvaja Barhaspatya
	75	Payu Bharadvaja
7	1-31	Vasishtha Maitravaruni
	32	Vasishtha Maitravaruni, Shakti Vasishtha
	33-100	Vasishtha Maitravaruni
	101-102	Vasishtha Maitravaruni, Kumara Agneya
	103-104	Vasishtha Maitravaruni
8	1	Pragatha Kanva, Medhatithi Kanva,
	2	Medhatithi Kanva, Priyamedha Angiras
	3	Medhyatithi Kanva
	4	Devatithi Kanva
	5	Brahmatithi Kanva
	6	Vatsa Kanva
	7	Punarvatsa Kanva
	8	Sadhvamsa Kanva
	9	Shashakarna Kanva
	10	Pragatha Kanva
	11	Vatsa Kanva
	12	Parvata Kanva
	13	Narada Kanva
	14-15	Goshuktin Kanva, Ashvasuktin Kanva
	16-18	Irimbitha Kanva
	19-22	Sobhari Kanva
	23-25	Vishvamanas Vaiyashva
	26	Vishvamanas Vaiyashva, Vyashva Angiras
	27-31	Manu Vaivasvata or Kashyapa Maricha
	32	Medhatithi Kanva
	33	Medhyatithi Kanva
	34	Nipatithi Kanva
	35-38	Shyavashva Atreya
	39-41	Nabhaka Kanva
	42	Nabhaka Kanva, Arcananas Atreya
	43-44	Virupa Angiras
	45	Trishoka Kanva
	46	Vasha Ashvya
	47	Trita Aptya
	48	Pragatha Kanva
	49	Praskanva Kanva
	50	Pushtigu Kanva
	51	Srushtigu Kanva
	52	Ayu Kanva
	53	Medhya Kanva
	54	Matarishvan Kanva
	55	Krishna Kanva
	56	Prushadhra Kanva
	57-58	Medhya Kanva
	59	Suparna Kanva
	60-61	Bharga Pragatha
	62-65	Pragatha Kanva
	66	Kali Pragatha
	67	Matsya Sammada or Manya Maitravaruni
	68-69	Priyamedha Angiras
	70	Puruhanman Angiras
	71	SudIti Purumilha
	72	Haryata Pragatha
	73-74	Gopavana Atreya
	75	Virupa Angiras
	76-78	Kurusuti Kanva
	79	Krutnu Bhargava
	80	Ekadyu Naudhasa
	81-83	Kusidin Kanva
	84	Ushana Kavya,
	85	Krishna Angiras
	86	Krishna Angiras, Vishvaka Karshni
	87	Krishna Angiras, DyumnIka Vasishtha,  Priyamedha Angiras
	88	Nodhas Gautama
	89-90	Nrumedha Angiras, Purumedha Angiras
	91	Apala Atreyi
	92-93	Sukaksha Angiras
	94	Vindu Angiras, Putadaksha Angiras
	95-96	Tirashchi Angiras
	97	Rebha Kashyapa
	98-99	Nrumedha Angiras
	100	Nema Bhargava
	101	Jamadagni Bhargava
	102	Prayoga Bhargava, Agni Barhaspatya
	103	Sobhari Kanva
9	1	Madhucchandas Vishwamitra
	2	Medhatithi Kanva
	3	Sunahshepa Ajigarti
	4	Hiranyastupa Angiras
	5-24	Asita Kashyapa, Devala Kashyapa
	25	Drulhachyuta Agastya
	26	Idhmavaha Darlhachyuta
	27	Nrumedha Angiras
	28	Priyamedha Angiras
	29	Nrumedha Angiras
	30	Bindu Angiras
	31	Gotama Rahugana
	32	Shyavashva Atreya
	33-34	Trita Aptya
	35-36	Prabhuvasu Angiras
	37-38	Rahugana Angiras
	39-40	Brihanmati Angiras
	41-43	Medhatithi Kanva
	44-46	Ayasya Angiras
	47-49	Kavi Bhargava
	50-52	Ucathya Angiras
	53-60	Avatsara Kashyapa
	61	Amahiyu Angiras
	62	Jamadagni Bhargava
	63	Nidhruvi Kashyapa
	64	Kashyapa Maricha
	65	Jamadagni Bhargava
	66	Shata Vaikhanasa
	67	Saptarshis, Pavitra Angiras
	68	Vatsapri Bhalandana
	69	Hiranyastupa Angiras
	70	Renu Vishwamitra
	71	Rishabha Vishwamitra
	72	Harimanta Angiras
	73	Pavitra Angiras
	74	Kakshivan Dairghatamas
	75-79	Kavi Bhargava
	80-82	Kasu Bharadvaja
	83	Pavitra Angiras
	84	Prajapati Vachya
	85	Vena Bhargava
	86	Praskanva Kanva
	87-89	Atri Bhauma, Gritsamada Shaunaka,  Akrushthamasha, Sikata Nivavari, Prushni Aja
	90	Ushana Kavya
	91-92	Vasishtha Maitravaruni
	93	Kashyapa Maricha
	94	Nodhas Gautama
	95	Kanva Ghaura
	96	Pratardana Daivodasi
	97	Vasishtha Maitravaruni, Indrapramati  Vasishtha, Vrushagana Vasishtha, Manyu  Vasishtha, Upamanyu Vasishtha,  Vyaghrapada Vasishtha, Shakti Vasishtha,  Karnashrut Vasishtha, Mrulika Vasishtha,  Vasukra Vasishtha, Parashara Shaktya,  Kutsa Angiras.
	98	Ambarisha Varshagira, Rijishvan Angiras
	99-100	Rebhasunu Kashyapa
	101	Andhigu Syavashvi, Yayati Nahusha, Nahusha  Manava, Manu Samvarana, Prajapati  Vishwamitra.
	102	Trita Aptya
	103	Dvita Aptya
	104-105	Parvata Kanva, Narada Kanva
	106	Agni Chakshusha, Cakshu Manava, Manu Apsava
	107	Saptarshis
	108	Gauriviti Shaktya, Shakti Vasishtha, Uru Angiras, Rijishvan Bharadvaja, Urdhvasadma Angiras, Krutayasha Angiras, Runanchaya
	109	Agni Dhishnya Aishvaraya
	110	Tryaruna Traivrushna, Trasadasyu Paurukutsa
	111	Ananata Parucchepi
	112	Shishu Angiras
	113-114	Kashyapa Maricha
10	1-7	Trita Aptya
	8	Trishiras Tvashtra
	9	Trishiras Tvashtra, Sindhudvipa Ambarisha
	10	Yama Vaivasvata, YamI Vaivasvati
	11-12	Havirdhana Angi
	13	Vivasvan Aditya
	14	Yama Vaivasvata
	15	Sankha Yamayana
	16	Damana Yamayana
	17	Devashravas Yamayana
	18	Sankusuka Yamayana
	19	Matitha Yamayana, or Bhrigu, or Cyavana Bhargava
	20-26	Vimada Aindra, Vasukrit Vasukra
	27-29	Vasukra Aindra
	30-34	Kavasha Ailusha
	35-36	Lusha Dhanaka
	37	Abhitapa Saurya
	38	Indra Mushkavan
	39-40	Ghosha Kakshivati
	41	Suhastya Ghausheya
	42-44	Krishna Angiras
	45-46	Vatsapri Bhalandana
	47	Saptagu Angiras
	48-50	Indra Vaikuntha
	51-53	Agni Saucika
	54-56	Brihaduktha Vamadevya
	57-60	Bandhu, Subandhu, Srutabandhu,  Viprabandhu (Gaupayanas)
	61-62	Nabhanedishtha Manava
	63-64	Gaya Piata
	65-66	Vasukarna Vasukra
	67-68	Ayasya Angiras
	69-70	Sumitra Vadhryashva
	71-72	Brihaspati Angiras
	73-74	Gauriviti Shaktya
	75	Sindhukshit Praiyamedha
	76	Jaratkarna Sarpa Airavata
	77-78	Syumarashmi Bhargava
	79-80	Agni Shaucika or Sapti Vajambhara
	81-82	Vishvakarma Bhauvana
	83-84	Manyu Tapasa
	85	Surya Savitri
	86	Vrishakapi Aindra, Indra, Indrani
	87	Payu Bharadvaja
	88	Murdhanvan Vamadevya
	89	Renu Vishwamitra
	90	Narayana
	91	Aruna Vaitahavya
	92	Sharyata Manava
	93	Tanva Parthya
	94	Arbuda Kadraveya Sarpa
	95	Pururavas Aila, UrvashI
	96	Baru Angiras, Sarvahari Aindra
	97	Bhishag Atharvana
	98	Devapi Arshtishena
	99	Vamra Vaikhanasa
	100	Duvasyu Vandana
	101	Budha Saumya
	102	Mudgala Bharmyashva
	103	Apratiratha Aindra
	104	Ashtaka Vishwamitra
	105	Sumitra Kautsa, Durmitra Kautsa
	106	Bhutamsa Kashyapa
	107	Divya Angiras, Dakshina Prajapatya
	108	Sarama, Panis
	109	Juhu Brahmajaya
	110	Rama Jamadagnya, Jamadagni Bhargava
	111	Ashtadamshtra Vairupa
	112	Nabhahprabhedana Vairupa
	113	Sataprabhedana Vairupa
	114	Sadhri Vairupa
	115	Upastuta Varshtihavya
	116	Agniyuta Sthaura
	117	Bhikshu Angiras
	118	Urukshaya Angiras
	119	Laba Aindra
	120	Brihaddiva Atharvana
	121	Hiranyagarbha Prajapatya
	122	Chitramaha Vasishtha
	123	Vena Bhargava
	124	Agni, Varuna, Soma
	125	Vak Abhruni
	126	Amhomuk Vamadevya
	127	Kushika Saubhara, Ratri Bharadvaji
	128	Vihavya Angiras
	129	Prajapati Parameshthin
	130	Yajna Prajapatya
	131	Sukirti Kakshivata
	132	Shakaputa Narmedha
	133	Sudas Paijavana
	134	Mandhata Yauvanashva
	135	Kumara Yamayana
	136	Juti, VAtajuti, Viprajuti, Vrishnaka,  Karikrata, Etasha, Rishyashringa (Vatarashanas)
	137	Saptarshis
	138	Anga Aurava
	139	Vishvavasu Devagandharva
	140	Agni, Pavaka
	141	Agni Trupasa
	142	Saranga, Jaritru, Drona, Sarisrukva,  Stambhamitra
	143	Atri Sankhya
	144	Urdhvasadman Yamayana
	145	Indrani
	146	DevamunI Airammada
	147	Suvedas Sairishi
	148	Prithu Vainya
	149	Arcan Hairanyastupa
	150	Mrulika Vasishtha
	151	Shraddha Kamayani
	152	Shasa Bharadvaja
	153	Indramatara Devajamaya
	154	Yami Vaivasvati
	155	Sirimbitha Bharadvaja
	156	Ketu Agneya
	157	Bhuvana Aptya, Sadhana Aptya
	158	Chakshu Saurya
	159	Shachi Paulomi
	160	Purana Vishwamitra
	161	Yakshmanashana Prajapatya
	162	Rakshoha Brahma
	163	Vivruha Kashyapa
	164	Pracetas Angiras
	165	Kapota Nairruta
	166	Rishabha Vairaja Shakvara
	167	Vishwamitra, Jamadagni
	168	Anila Vatayana
	169	Sabara Kakshivata
	170	Vibhrat Saurya
	171	Ita Bhargava
	171	Samvarta Angiras
	172	Dhruva Angiras
	173	Abhivarta ANgira
	174	Urdhvagrava Arbuda
	175	Sunu Arbhava
	176	Patanga Prajapatya
	177	Arishtanemi Tarkshya
	178	Shivi AushInara, Pratardana Kashiraja, Vasumanas Rauhidashva
	179	Jaya Aindra
	180	Pratha Vasishtha, Sapratha Bharadvaja
	181	Gharma Saurya
	182	Tapurmurdhan Barhaspatya
	183	Prajavan Prajapatya
	184	Vishnu Prajapatya
	185	Satyadhruti Varuni
	186	Ula Vatsyana
	187	Vatsa Agneya
	188	Shyena Agneya
	189	Sarparajni
	190	Aghamarshana Madhucchandas
	191	Samvanana Angiras

The Vishwamitras and Vasishthas in history

 A peculiar feature that any keen reader will observe in our literature is the Vishwamitra-Vasishtha relation. Whether it's Mahabharata or Ramayana, this pair is always present.

But due to excessive lack of vision, our 'great' historians generally confuse these and consider them as existing only in a single era thus ending up concluding that the Indian scriptures are thoroughly confused.

The one click which needs to be understood is that there were many Vasishthas and Vishwamitras in history. Just like the name Narendra is not of a single person but of different people like Narendra Modi or Swami Vivekananda. Similarly, there were many rishis hailing from the Vasishtha and Vishwamitra family who used their patronymic viz Vasishtha or Vishwamitra. 

According to me, there were 11 Vasishthas and 4 Vishwamitras. There existed many other Vasishthas and Vishwamitras but these mentioned are related to popular legends. I will talk about each of them. Their position is explained relative to the Ikshvaku family of kings where Vaivasvat Manu is at number 1, Rama at number 65 and Brihadvala ( Mahabharata era) at number 97. 

But first, let me clarify on the use of word 'eponymous'. It means the name on which an entire tribe or group is named. So an eponymous Vasishtha or an eponymous Vishwamitra is mentioned, it means we are talking of the 'original' rishi from whom the tribe started.

Vasishthas

• Vasishtha I - The first ever Vasishtha to be ever mentioned is the Manas-Putra of Brahmadev who lived in the Swayambhuva Manvantara. He was one of the 7 Saptarshis. His wife was the daughter of rishi Kardama. He is said to have burned down to death. Since the concept of Saptarshis in Swayambhuva Manvantara is still a bit doubtful ,we can neglect this Vasishtha.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 23 generations before Vaivasvata Manu.
• Vasishtha II - The reference to this Vasishtha comes from only one source, the Bhagwat Purana (9.1.18) where he is called the great-grandfather of Vaivasvata Manu. He had helped Vaivasvata Manu in a Putrakameshthi Yagya for begetting a son. Thus, this Vasishtha can be placed 3 generations before Vaivasvata Manu.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 3 generations before Vaivasvata Manu.
• Vasishtha III- He was the priest of Ikshvaku himself, of Ayodhya. Ikshvaku had son called Vikukshi who was sent to bring meat of a rabbit. But he ate it on his way and was banished from the kingdom. In the same era, there was another brother of Ikshvaku called Nimi. Vasishtha had promised Nimi that he would perform a Yagya for him but Nimi performed it with another Purohit. Thus Vasishtha got angry and cursed him to leave his body. Thus Nimi became Videha i.e a person without a body. His kingdom thus came to be known as Videha which is located in Bihar. Sita belonged to this kingdom.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 1 generation after Vaivasvata Manu, 64 generations before Lord Rama.
• Vasishtha IV - He is the most famous among the Vasishthas. Mitra and Varun, the Devas, had ejaculated when they saw Urvashi Apsara and they collected the sperms in pots from which Vasishtha and Agastya were born. Removing aside tangential things,simple meaning of the story is, Vasishtha was born from Urvashi and Mitravarun. Hence he was called Vasishtha Maitravaruni. Urvashi was also the wife of Pururavas Aila. So this Vasishtha is contemporary to Pururavas. At this time, king Purunjaya was ruling Ayodhya.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 3 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 62 generations before Lord Rama.
• Vasistha V - Haiheyas are a branch of Yadavas. Their kingdom ,called Anupa, used to be in Gujarat and MP. They had a famous king called Kartavirya Arjuna who was killed by Lord Parshurama. The Puranas for the first time mention the personal name of this Vasishtha - Apava. ( Matsya Purana 44). This Apava Vasishtha had cursed Arjuna which resulted in he getting killed by Lord Parshurama.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 30 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 35 generations before Lord Rama.
• Vasishtha VI - He existed during the time of king Satyavrata Trishanku of Ayodhya. Satyavrata was whisked out of his kingdom. Till his son became capable of ruling, this Vasishtha had taken charge of administering Ayodhya. His personal name is said to be Devaraj. Here,Vishwamitra comes into picture for the first time when Vishwamitra tried to snatch away the Kamdhenu cow from him.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 32 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 33 generations before Lord Rama. 

• Vasishtha VII - King Bahu was the king of Ayodhya. He was attacked by the Haiheyas and driven out. His son was Chakravartin Samrat Sagara who defeated these Haiheyas forever. But he did not kill them but put restrictions on their living. This was done on the advice of Vasishtha. His personal name was Atharvanidhi.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 41 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 24 generations before Lord Rama.
• Vasishtha VIII - King Samvarana was the king of Paurava kingdom in Punjab. He was forced to go out of his kingdom by the North Panchala kings with his wife Tapati. On his way, he met Vasishtha who gave him shelter in the Sindhu kingdom.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 49 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 16 generations before Lord Rama.
• Vasishtha IX - He is the main of all the Vasishthas. He existed during the time of king Kalmashpada of Ayodhya and king Sudas of North Panchala who is the hero of Dasharadnya war ( War of 10 Kings) described in the Rigveda. This Vasishtha was the priest of Kalmashpada. By the trick of Vishwamitra, this Vasishtha was fed meat by Kalmashpada. Thus Vasishtha cursed him to be an animal. This Vasishtha had assisted Sudas in his war against the 10 kings and emerged victorious. He is the composer of majority hymns in the 7th Mandala of Rigveda, but misquoted as Vasishtha Maitravaruni. His personal name was Shreshthabhaja. He had 100 sons among which the most famous was Shakti, whose son was Parashara. His wife was Arundhati, sister of Narada rishi.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 53 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 12 generations before Lord Rama.
• Vasishtha X - He existed during the time of king Dileep Khatvanga of Ayodhya. He was the one who blessed Dileepa with a son.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 60 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 5 generations before Lord Rama.
• Vasishtha XI - He existed during the time of Lord Rama. He was the Purohit of Dasharatha. Lord Rama had asked questions about this world to Vasishtha and the answers that he gave are compiled in a scripture called Yoga Vasishtha of 96000 verses.
  
  Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 65 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, contemporary to Lord Rama.
• Apart from these, many other Vasishthas have existed till the Mahabharata era.
  
  
  Vishwamitras
  

  • Vishwamitra I - He is the eponymous Vishwamitra. He was a king belonging to the Kanyakubja dynasty in Kannauj. He was a Chandravanshi and a descendant of king Amavasu, son of Pururavas. His father was Gadhi. He existed during the time of king Satyavrata Trishanku of Ayodhya. He tried to take away the Kamdhenu cow from Vasishtha VI but was cursed. Hence he decided to become a Brahmarshi. He was the one who was the Purohit of Satyavrata Trishanku. This Vishwamitra is acclaimed to have created a parallel universe. He was also present during the reign of king Harishchandra, the son of Satyavrata Trishanku. In the sacrifice conducted by Harishchandra, it was he who adopted a kid called Shunacheepa Ajigarti and made him his son called Devaraat. This Vishwamitra had 50 sons like Madhuchhandas, Kata, Utkil,etc who all are composers of the 3rd Mandala of Rigveda. He was in love with Menaka Apsara from whom he begot Shakuntala who was married to the Paurava king Dushyanta.
    
    Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 32 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 33 generations before Lord Rama.
  • Vishwamitra II - He was present during the war of 10 kings. He was against Sudas. In the earlier days, he was with Sudas and had helped him to expand his kingdom in Punjab till the Indus. This Vishwamitra had conducted a Yagya for Sudas near the river Indus where the Vasishthas were also present. There was a fight between them due to which Vishwamitra killed the 100 sons of Vasishtha.
    
    Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 53 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 12 generations before Lord Rama.
  • Vishwamitra III - He was present during Lord Rama's times. He was the one who took Lord Rama and Lakshman with him for training and fighting Daityas.
    
    Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 65 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, contemporary to Lord Rama.
  • Vishwamitra IV - He was present during the Mahabharata times and had come to visit Krishna at Syamantapanchaka mountain. He was the priest of Yudhishtira.
    
    Relative position in Ikshvaku Genealogy - 97 generations after Vaivasvata Manu, 32 generations after Lord Rama.
  • Apart from these, there have been many rishis belonging to this line. 
    For detailed look over how many Vasishthas and Vishwamitras are composers of Rigveda
  • From   Ashutosh Kulkarn

Marriages between Vedic and Non-Vedic tribes brahma vivah, Daivya vivah, paishachu vivah, rakshas vivah, asura vivah, gandharva vivah,

I have already discussed some Exotic Tribes of India like Rakshas , Gandharva and Apsara , Yaksha, etc. We see that these tribes exactly cannot be termed non-Vedic since their origins can also be traced to Vedic rishis but their way of living, their culture and rituals are quite different from the actual Vedic people.
We see that Rakshas are non-Vedic people but in case of Ravana, he is a devotee of Shiva. Daityas are non-Vedic but in case of Bali, he is said to have performed 99 Yagyas with his Purohit Shukracharya.  The Yakshas are non-Vedic but in case of Kubera, he is worshipped as a lord of wealth.The Gandharvas and Apsaras are also seen to be in close relation with the Vedic people. The Kirata, Kimpurusha, Kinnara lived adjacent to Vedic kingdoms and in the Himalayas but not much is mentioned about them.
The Danavas and Daityas ,although belonging to the Asura group, we find that martial relations were established signifying intermixing to some extent.

The style of marriages also seem to be influenced by different communities. Let's see the 8 types of marriages in Hindu customs-

• Brahma Vivaha - Where the parents of the bride and groom decide the marriage and with the consent of all.
• Prajapatya Vivaha - Where the bride and the groom are married off at a young age. The responsibility of the bride lies on the groom's father and not on the groom himself till both of them attain the right age. Prajapati directly means one who takes care, Possibly that's why this type is called Prajapatya since the father takes are of the bride.
• Daiva Vivaha - Where the bride is poor and her marriage is performed as a charity by rich people.
• Arsha Vivaha - This type is applicable for those communities where the groom has to pay an oblation to the bride to get her. 
• Asura Vivaha - Where the bride is not suitable for the groom but still they marry. Asura communities seem to have such type of marriages. 
• Gandharva Vivaha - This is proper love marriage where the consent of parents is not necessary. Gandharvas and Apsaras used to marry the person of their choice. 
• Rakshas Vivaha -  This type involves abduction of the bride if she is ready for marriage. The Rakshas tribes used to marry in this way. 
• Paishacha Vivaha - The bride is intoxicated and is not in her senses while marrying. That's why it was called Paishacha vivaha on the name of Pishacha. 

( The tribe names are given to marriage styles but they being given due to peculiar behaviour of those tribe is just my view. )

As I mentioned earlier, the intermixing of these tribes with Vedic people has happened. The Puranas provide valuable information about the kings and rishis who married brides from other tribes. Most of the marriages are from Apsaras and Naga. This seems credible when it comes to geography. The Nagas have lived in the Indian subcontinent but others have lived either far in Himalayas ( Yakshas, Kinnara, Kimpurusha,etc) or far south ( Rakshas) or far east ( Kirata). Less information is available about the martial relations of other exotic tribes like Vidyadhara, Charana, Siddha, Pishacha, Vanara, Pannaga, etc. So a natural interaction would be between people who live next to the Vedic people. Let's view them - 

Apsara 

• Pururavas Aila and Urvashi - Pururavas was a Chandravanshi king. Urvashi bore 6 sons from him.
• Prachetas and Pramlocha - Soma was the son of Atri. His adoptive daughter was Pramlocha who was married to Prachetas, a descendant of Dhruva.
• Trinavindu and Alambusha - Trinavindu was the king of Vaishali kingdom and a Chakravarti Samrat
• Agnidhra and Purvachitti - Agnidhra was the grandson of Swayambhuva Manu.
• Raudrashva and Ghrutachi - Raudrashva was a king in the Puru dynasty of Hastinapur.
• Vishwamitra and Menaka - Although they didn't marry, they bore a daughter Shakuntala who married Dushyanta. Their marriage took place by Gandharva Vivaha.
• Ruru and Pramadvara - He was a rishi. Pramadvara was daughter of Vishvavasu Gandharva and was brought up by Sthulakesha rishi.
• Vatsaka and Mishrakeshi - Vatsaka was a Yadava prince.

Naga

• Rucheyu and Jwala - Rucheyu was the son of Raudrashva, the Puru king. Jwala belonged to the Takshaka tribe of Nagas.
• Arjuna and Ulupi - This couple is quite well known from Mahabharata.
• Shantanu and Satyavati - Shantanu was the great grandfather of Pandavas and Satyavati was Vyasa's mother.
• Yadu and Dhumavarna's daughters - Yadu was the son of Yayati and Dhumavarna was one of the Nagas who married his 5 daughters to Yadu.
• Purukutsa and Narmada - Purukutsa was an Ikshavku king. Son of Mandhata.
• Kusha and Kumudvati - Kusha was Rama's son. 
• Somashrava - He was a disciple of rishi Yajnavalkya. His mother was Naga princess and father was Shrutashrava rishi. 

Daityas 

• Yayati and Sharmishtha - Sharmishtha was the daughter of Vrishaparva Daitya. 
• Yayati and Devayani- Devayani was the daughter of Shukracharya, the priest of Danavas and Daityas

Rakshas

• Vishrava and Kaikesi - Vishrava was a descendant of Pulastya and father of Ravana. Kaikesi was daughter of Sumali Rakshas.
• Bhima and Hidimba - Hidimba was a Rakshasi who met the Pandavas after they fled the Lakshagriha in Varnavati. Ghatotkacha was their son.

Apart from this, there were many inter- marriages between the non-Vedic tribes too. For example, Ravana's maternal grandfather Sunali married an Apsara, Daitya Hiranyakashapu married an Asura princess, daughter of Hiranyakashapu called Sinhika was married to a Danava, Shachi, Indra's wife was the daughter of Danava Puloman., etc.
But strangely, we don't find any Vedic princess being married to a non-Vedic groom.

From this, we can conclude that the ancient people were not that averse in marrying with non-Vedic tribes. Although the names given above are less, at least we can establish that Vedic kingdoms had alliances with these non-Vedic tribes and kingdoms which had the capacity of influencing the politics of the land. In the case of Arjuna and Ulupi, the Naga kingdom to which she belonged supported the Pandavas during the Mahabharata war. Similar was the case with the Rakshas tribes who supported the Pandavas because of Hidimba and Ghatotkacha. 

64 different art forms .64 kala

We often hear in the descriptions of Lord Ganesha or Lord Krishna that they were well versed in 64 art forms or ChatuhShashthi Kala. These are 64 different art forms that are listed which are taught to all as a part of learning. A person knowing all of these along with the 14 Vidyas was known to be near perfection.

This list appears in the Kamasutra under the heading Bahya Kala or external art forms. Here is a list of these art forms.
गीतं - Singing

• वाद्यं - Playing instruments
• नृत्यं - Dancing
• नाट्यं - Acting
• आलेख्यं - Painting and writing
• विशेषच्छेद्यं - Aiming at a point
• तन्दुलकुसुमबलिविकारः - Making offerings of rice and flowers 
• पुष्पस्तरणं - Covering with flowers
• दशनवसनाङ्गरागाः - Cleansing teeth,clothes,etc
• मणिभुमिकाकर्म - Arranging jewels
• शयनरचनं - Arranging bed
• उदकवाद्यं - Playing instruments in pots or bowls like Jalataranga
• चित्रयोगः - Drawing using soil
• माल्यग्रन्थानविकल्पाः - Preparing garlands of flowers
• शेखरापीडयोजनं - Decorating crowns,etc
• कर्णपत्रभङ्गाः - Decorating ears with flowers
• नेपथ्ययोगाः - Dressing up for acting
• सुगन्धयुक्तिः - Preparing aromatic perfumes
• भूषणयोजनं - Making ornaments
• ऐन्द्राजालं - Magic tricks
• कौतुमारयोगः - Applying various ointments and pastes on one's body
• हस्तलाघव - Tricks of hands ( हाथचालाखी )
• चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविकारयोगः - Preparing vegetables and sweets
• पानकरसरागासवयोजनं - Preparing various juices
• सूचिवयकर्म - Stitching with needles
• सूत्रक्रीडा - Puppetry 
• वीणाडमरुवाद्यानि - Playing Veena, Damru,etc
• प्रहेलिका - Cracking riddles
• प्रतिमाला - Preparing utensils
• दुर्वाचकयोगः - Speaking in languages that others don't understand
• वाचनं - Reading
• नाटकाख्ययिकादर्शनं - Telling stories and acts 
• काव्यसमस्यापूरणं - Completing incomplete poems
• पट्टिकावेत्रबाणविकल्पः - Using arrows,etc
• तर्ककर्माणि  - Debating
• तक्षणम् - Carpentry
• वास्तुविद्या - Knowledge of construction
• रौप्यरत्नपरिक्षा - Testing jewels
• धातुवादः - Purifying impure metals
• मणिरागज्ञानं - Seeing the colour of precious stones
• आकारज्ञानं - Finding quarries of minerals
• वृक्षायुर्योगवेदः - Calculating the age of trees
• मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिः - Making lambs,goats,etc fight
• शुकसारिकप्रलापनं - Teaching parrots to speak
• उत्सादनं - Flying kites
• केशमार्जनकौशलं - Art of cutting hair
• अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनं - Guessing the words in other's mind
• म्लेच्छितकुतर्कविकल्पः - Making arguments for deceiving someone
• देशभाषाज्ञानं - Knowing the other languages 
• पुष्पशकटिकानिर्मितिज्ञानं - Gardening
• धारणमातृका - Preparing load bearing objects
• संवाद्यं - Elocution
• मानसीकाव्यक्रिया - Composing poems in mind
• अभिधानकोशः - Knowing lexicography
• छन्दोज्ञानं - Knowledge of metres of singing
• क्रियाविकल्पः - Art of writing a treatise
• चलितकयोगः - Building shrines
• वस्त्रगोपनानि - Concealing clothes
• द्युतविशेषः - Gambling 
• आकर्षक्रीडा - Kusti or Malla Yuddha
• बालक्रीडानकादि - Preparing toys for kids
• वैनायकीविद्याज्ञानं - Art of vanishing problems
• वैजयकीविद्याज्ञानं - Art of winning
• वैतालकीविद्याज्ञानं-  Knowledge of Tantras

It thus appears from the list that these art forms cover almost all of the aspects of human life from dressing, art and craft, sports, learning and general chores.