Showing posts with label ARYABHATTA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ARYABHATTA. Show all posts

Sunday, May 22, 2016

आर्यभट्ट से पहले वेदों में था शून्य ‘0’ का महत्व।


शून्य की खोज आर्यभट्ट ने 5 वीं सदी में की??
अब लोग ये नहीं समझते ऐसे पोस्ट हमारे शास्त्रों पर प्रश्न चिन्ह लगाते हैं इसका उद्देश्य क्या है ??
सम्भव है शास्त्रों को आर्यभट्ट का परवर्ती सिद्ध करना।
अब बताते हैं शून्य की खोज किसने की तो वो हैं वेद ।
वेदों में 1 से लेकर 18 अंकों तक (इकाई से परार्ध ) की गणना की गयी है ।
1 के अंक में 0 लगाने पर ये गणना क्रमशः बढ़ती जाती है इस का स्पष्ट उल्लेख वेद भगवान् करते हैं —

‘इमा मेऽअग्नऽइष्टका धेनव: सन्त्वेका च दश च शतं च शतं च सहस्रं च सहस्रं चायुतं चायुतं च नियुतं च नियुतं व नियुतं च प्रयुतं चार्बु दं च न्यर्बु दं च समुद्रश्च मध्यं चान्तश्च परार्धश्चैता मेऽअग्नऽइष्टका धेनव: सन्त्वमुत्रामुष
मिंल्लोके ।। (शुक्ल यजुर्ववेद १७/२)

अर्थात् – हे अग्ने । ये इष्टकाऐं (पांच चित्तियो में स्थापित ) हमारे लिए अभीष्ट फलदायक कामधेनु गौ के समान हों । ये इष्टका परार्द्ध -सङ्ख्यक (१०००००००००००००००००) एक से दश ,दश से सौ, सौ से हजार ,हजार से दश हजार ,दश हजार से लाख ,लाख से दश लाख ,दशलाख से करोड़ ,करोड़ से दश करोड़ ,दश करोड़ से अरब ,अरब से दश अरब ,दश अरब से खरब ,खरब से दश खरब ,दश खरब से नील, नील से दश नील, दश नील से शङ्ख ,शङ्ख से दश शङ्ख ,दश शङ्ख से परार्द्ध ( लक्ष कोटि) है ।

यहाँ स्पष्ट एक एक। शून्य जोड़ते हुए काल गणना की गयी है ।
अब फिर आर्यभट्ट ने कैसे शून्य की खोज की ?
इसका जवाब है विज्ञान की दो क्रियाएँ हैं एक खोज (डिस्कवर ) दूसरी आविष्कार (एक्सपेरिमेंट) । खोज उसे कहते हैं जो पहले से विद्यमान हो बाद में खो गयी हो और फिर उसे ढूढा जाए उसे खोज कहते हैं ।
आविष्कार उसे कहते हैं जो विद्यमान नहीं है और उसे अलग अलग पदार्थों से बनाया जाए वो आविष्कार है ।
अब शून्य और अंको की खोज आर्यभट्ट ने की न कि आविष्कार किया
इसका प्रमाण सिंधु -सरस्वती सभ्यता (हड़प्पा की सभ्यता) जो की 1750 ई पू तक विलुप्त हो चुकी थी में अंको की गणना स्पष्ट रूप से अंकित है।

Saturday, October 25, 2014

Aryabhata on the approximation for pi

Aryabhata worked on the approximation for pi (π), and may have come to the conclusion that is irrational. In the second part of the Aryabhatiyam (gaṇitapāda 10). 

He writes:

caturadhikam śatamaṣṭaguṇam dvāṣaṣṭistathā sahasrāṇām
ayutadvayaviṣkambhasyāsanno vṛttapariṇāhaḥ.

- "Add four to 100, multiply by eight, and then add 62,000. By this rule the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 20,000 can be approached."

This implies that the ratio of the circumference to the diameter is ( (4 + 100) × 8 + 62000 ) / 20000 = 62832/20000 = 3.1416, which is accurate to five significant figures.

It is speculated that Aryabhata used the word āsanna (approaching), to mean that not only is this an approximation but that the value is incommensurable (or irrational). If this is correct, it is quite a sophisticated insight, because the irrationality of pi was proved in Europe only in 1761 by Lambert.

After Aryabhatiya was translated into Arabic (c. 820 CE) this approximation was mentioned in Al-Khwarizmi's book on algebra.

Source : Aryabhata and Diophantus' son, Hindustan Times Storytelling Science column, Nov 2004 

Wednesday, September 24, 2014

ARYABHATTA-JEWEL OF INDIA

Photo: JEWELS OF BHARATAM .....SERIES [TM]

ARYABHATTA [ 2742 B.C.]  GAVE THE NOW KNOWN WORLD .....MANY MATHEMATICAL DISCOVERIES . 

Aryabhatta is the first famous mathematician and astronomer of Ancient India. In his book Aryabhatteeyam, Aryabhatta clearly provides his birth data. In the 10th stanza, he says that when 60 x 6 = 360 years elapsed in this Kali Yuga, he was 23 years old. The stanza of the sloka starts with “Shastyabdanam Shadbhiryada vyateetastra yascha yuga padah.” “Shastyabdanam Shadbhi” means 60 x 6 = 360. While printing the manuscript, the word “Shadbhi” was altered to “Shasti”, which implies 60 x 60 = 3600 years after Kali Era.  As a result of this intentional arbitrary change, Aryabhatta’s birth time was fixed as 476 A.D Since in every genuine manuscript, we find the word “Shadbhi” and not the altered “Shasti”, it is clear that Aryabhatta was 23 years old in 360 Kali Era or 2742 B.C. This implies that Aryabhatta was born in 337 Kali Era or 2765 B.C. and therefore could not have lived around 500 A.D., as manufactured by the Indologists to fit their invented framework.

Bhaskara I is the earliest known commentator of Aryabhatta’s works.  His exact time is not known except that he was in between  Aryabhatta (2765 B.C.) and Varahamihira (123 B.C.)." The implications are profound , if indeed this is the case.The zero is by then in widespread use and if he uses Classical Sanskrit then he ante dates Panini. Bhaskara mentions the names of Latadeva, Nisanku and Panduranga  Svami as disciples of Aryabhatta.ARYABHATTA [ 2742 B.C.] GAVE THE NOW KNOWN WORLD .....MANY MATHEMATICAL DISCOVERIES .

Aryabhatta is the first famous mathematician and astronomer of Ancient India. In his book Aryabhatteeyam, Aryabhat...ta clearly provides his birth data. In the 10th stanza, he says that when 60 x 6 = 360 years elapsed in this Kali Yuga, he was 23 years old. The stanza of the sloka starts with “Shastyabdanam Shadbhiryada vyateetastra yascha yuga padah.” “Shastyabdanam Shadbhi” means 60 x 6 = 360. While printing the manuscript, the word “Shadbhi” was altered to “Shasti”, which implies 60 x 60 = 3600 years after Kali Era. As a result of this intentional arbitrary change, Aryabhatta’s birth time was fixed as 476 A.D Since in every genuine manuscript, we find the word “Shadbhi” and not the altered “Shasti”, it is clear that Aryabhatta was 23 years old in 360 Kali Era or 2742 B.C. This implies that Aryabhatta was born in 337 Kali Era or 2765 B.C. and therefore could not have lived around 500 A.D., as manufactured by the Indologists to fit their invented framework.

Bhaskara I is the earliest known commentator of Aryabhatta’s works. His exact time is not known except that he was in between Aryabhatta (2765 B.C.) and Varahamihira (123 B.C.)." The implications are profound , if indeed this is the case.The zero is by then in widespread use and if he uses Classical Sanskrit then he ante dates Panini. Bhaskara mentions the names of Latadeva, Nisanku and Panduranga Svami as disciples of Aryabhatta