Saturday, February 7, 2015

STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE "BRAHMI SCRIPT"

!! SHOWING THE STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE "BRAHMI SCRIPT" !!

Friday, February 6, 2015

Katapayadi Sankhya (Sanskrit: कटपयादि and PI

Katapayadi Sankhya

Katapayadi sankhya(Sanskrit: कटपयादि  system is from Grahacāraṇibandhana by Haridatta in 683 CE.[1] It has been used in Laghu·bhāskarīya·vivaraṇa written by Śaṅkara·nārāyaṇa in 869 CE.[2].It   It is a simplification of Aryabhata‘s Sanskrit numerals , due probably to Haridatta from Kerala. In Malayalam it is also known as ‘Paralperu’ For eg:ചണ്ഡാംശുചന്ദ്രാധമകുംഭിപാല represents 31415926536 which isπ*1000000000000000 .

Rules and practices

Following verse found in Śaṅkaravarman's Sadratnamāla explains the mechanism of the system.[7][8]
नज्ञावचश्च शून्यानि संख्या: कटपयादय:।
मिश्रे तूपान्त्यहल् संख्या न च चिन्त्यो हलस्वर:॥
Transiliteration:
nanyāvacaśca śūnyāni saṃkhyāḥ kaṭapayādayaḥ
miśre tūpāntyahal saṃkhyā na ca cintyo halasvaraḥ
Translation: na (न), nya (ञ) and a (अ)-s, i.e., vowels represent zero. The nine integers are represented by consonant group beginning with ka, ṭa, pa, ya. In a conjunct consonant, the last of the consonants alone will count. A consonant without vowel is to be ignored.
Explanation: The assignment of letters to the numerals are as per the following arrangement.
1234567890
ka क క കkha ख ఖ ഖga ग గ ഗgha घ ఘ ഘnga ङ జ్ఞ ങca च చ ചcha छ ఛ ഛja ज జ ജjha झ ఝ ഝnya ञ ఞ ഞ
ṭa ट ట ടṭha ठ ఠ ഠḍa ड డ ഡḍha ढ ఢ ഢṇa ण ణ ണta त త തtha थ థda द ద ദdha ध ధ ധna न న ന
pa प ప പpha फ ఫ ഫba ब బ ബbha भ భ ഭma म మ മ-----
ya य య യra र ర രla ल ల ലva व వ വśha श శ ശsha ष ష ഷsa स స സha ह హ ഹ--
  • Consonants have numerals assigned as per the above table. For example, ba (ब) is always 3 whereas 5 can be represented by either nga (ङ) or ṇa (ण) or ma (म) or śha (श).
  • All stand-alone vowels like a (अ) and (ऋ) are assigned to zero.
  • In case of a conjunct, consonants attached to a non-vowel will not be valueless. For example, kya (क्या) is formed by k (क्) + ya (य) + a (अ). The only consonant standing with a vowel is ya (य). So the corresponding numeral for kya (क्या) will be 1.
  • There is no way of representing Decimal separator in the system.
  • Indians used the Hindu-Arabic numeral system for numbering, traditionally written in increasing place values from left to right. This is as per the rule aṅkānām vāmato gatiḥ (अङ्कानाम् वामतो गतिः) which means numbers go from left to right.[9]
  • Usage[edit]

    Mathematics and astronomy[edit]

    • Karaṇa·paddhati, written in the 15th century, has the following śloka for the value of pi (π)
    അനൂനനൂന്നാനനനുന്നനിത്യൈ-
    സ്സമാഹതാശ്ചക്രകലാവിഭക്താഃ
    ചണ്ഡാംശുചന്ദ്രാധമകുംഭിപാലൈര്‍-
    വ്യാസസ്തദര്‍ദ്ധം ത്രിഭമൗര്‍വിക സ്യാത്‌
    Transliteration
    anūnanūnnānananunnanityai
    ssmāhatāścakra kalāvibhaktoḥ
    caṇḍāṃśucandrādhamakuṃbhipālair
    vyāsastadarddhaṃ tribhamaurvika syāt
    It gives the circumference of a circle of diameter, anūnanūnnānananunnanityai (10,000,000,000) as caṇḍāṃśucandrādhamakuṃbhipālair (31415926536).
    भद्राम्बुद्धिसिद्धजन्मगणितश्रद्धा स्म यद् भूपगी:
    Transliteration
    bhadrāṃbuddhisiddhajanmagaṇitaśraddhā sma yad bhūpagīḥ
    Splitting the consonants gives,
    भ bhaद् dरा rāम् ṃबु baद् dधि dhसि saद् dध dhaज jaन् nम maग gaणि ṇaत taश् ṣर raद् dधा dhaस् sम maय yaद् dभू bhaप paगि gi
    4-2-3-97-98-5356-2-9-51-413
    Reversing the digits to modern day usage of descending order of decimal places, we get 314159265358979324 which is the value of pi (π) to 17 decimal places, except the last digit might be rounded off to 4.
    • This verse encrypts the value of pi (π) up to 31 decimal places.
     गोपीभाग्यमधुव्रात-श्रुग्ङिशोदधिसन्धिग ॥
     खलजीवितखाताव गलहालारसंधर ॥
    
     ಗೋಪೀಭಾಗ್ಯಮಧುವ್ರಾತ-ಶ್ರುಂಗಿಶೋದಧಿಸಂಧಿಗ ||
     ಖಲಜೀವಿತಖಾತಾವ ಗಲಹಾಲಾರಸಂಧರ ||
    
    This verse directly yields the decimal equivalent of pi divided by 10: pi/10 = 0.31415926535897932384626433832792
     గోపీభాగ్యమధువ్రాత-శృంగిశోదధిసంధిగ |
     ఖలజీవితఖాతావ గలహాలారసంధర ||
    

Music Use-(FROM MYSTERIESEXPLORED)

The “ka-ta-pa-ya-di” rule used by ancient Indian mathematicians and grammarians is a tool to map names to numbers. Writing the consonants of the sanskrit alphabet as four groups with “Ka, Ta, Pa, Ya” as the begining letters of the groups we get

Each letter of the group is numbered from 1 through 9 and 0 for the tenth letter. Thus, ka is 1, sa is 7, ma is 5, na is 0 and so on. So to indicate the number 356 for example one would try and come up with a word involving the third, fifth and sixth letters of the groups like “gaNitam” or “lESaca”.
However, in the Indian tradition, the digits of a number are written left to right in the increasing order of their place value – exactly opposite the way we are used to writing in the western way. Therefore 356 would be indicated using letters in the 6th, 5th, and 3rd positions of the group e.g. “triSUlaM”.
Here is an actual verse of spiritual content, as well as secular mathematical significance:
“gopi bhagya madhuvrata
srngiso dadhi sandhiga
khala jivita khatava
gala hala rasandara”
The translation is as follows: “O Lord anointed with the yoghurt of the milkmaids’ worship (Krishna), O savior of the fallen, O master of Shiva, please protect me.”
Vowels make no difference and it is left to the author to select a particular consonant or vowel at each step. This great latitude allows one to bring about additional meanings of his choice. For example kapa, tapa, papa, and yapa all mean 11.
Now the interesting fact is that when you start numbering the consonants with the respective numbers from go = 3, pi = 1, bha =4 , ya = 1 , ma = 5 , duv = 9 and so on. you will end with the number 31415926535897932384626433832792.
 
This is the decimal equivalent of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, Which you IS “pi”. The above number gives the accurate value of pi/10 correct to 31 decimal places.
Also not only did the code give pi up to 32 decimal places , but there was a secret Master key within the patterning of the 32 that could unlock the next 32 decimals of the pi, and so on. A trick to infinity.
The Code not only praised Krishna, it operated on another level as a dedication to Lord Shankara or Shiva.
In 825 AD one Arab mathematician
said: “This value has been given by the Hindus [Indians]”
Another amazing fact is that…
Shanu A. from Kerela has recently entered the Guiness Book of Records for his feat of memorising the value of Pi upto 50,000 places. He says he has been inspired by the Vedic numerical code which he used to memorise the entire value of Pi. He used the Vedic Numerical Code innovatively as a peg system and improvised on it. That was his secret.

 

 

Carnatic music-

  •  

  • The melakarta ragas of the Carnatic music is named so that the first two syllables of the name will give its number. This system is sometimes called the Ka-ta-pa-ya-di sankhya. The Swaras 'Sa' and 'Pa' are fixed, and here is how to get the other swaras from the melakarta number.
    1. Melakartas 1 through 36 have Ma1 and those from 37 through 72 have Ma2.
    2. The other notes are derived by noting the (integral part of the) quotient and remainder when one less than the melakarta number is divided by 6.
    3. 'Ri' and 'Ga' positions: the raga will have:
      • Ri1 and Ga1 if the quotient is 0
      • Ri1 and Ga2 if the quotient is 1
      • Ri1 and Ga3 if the quotient is 2
      • Ri2 and Ga2 if the quotient is 3
      • Ri2 and Ga3 if the quotient is 4
      • Ri3 and Ga3 if the quotient is 5
    4. 'Da' and 'Ni' positions: the raga will have:
      • Da1 and Ni1 if remainder is 0
      • Da1 and Ni2 if remainder is 1
      • Da1 and Ni3 if remainder is 2
      • Da2 and Ni2 if remainder is 3
      • Da2 and Ni3 if remainder is 4
      • Da3 and Ni3 if remainder is 5
  • Raga Dheerasankarabharanam[edit]

    The katapayadi scheme associates dha\leftrightarrow9 and ra\leftrightarrow2, hence the raga's melakarta number is 29 (92 reversed). Now 29 \le 36, hence Dheerasankarabharanam has Ma1. Divide 28 (1 less than 29) by 6, the quotient is 4 and the remainder 4. Therefore, this raga has Ri2, Ga3 (quotient is 4) and Da2, Ni3 (remainder is 4). Therefore, this raga's scale is Sa Ri2 Ga3 Ma1 Pa Da2 Ni3 SA.

    Raga MechaKalyani[edit]

    From the coding scheme Ma \leftrightarrow 5, Cha \leftrightarrow 6. Hence the raga's melakarta number is 65 (56 reversed). 65 is greater than 36. So MechaKalyani has Ma2. Since the raga's number is greater than 36 subtract 36 from it. 65-36=29. 28 (1 less than 29) divided by 6: quotient=4, remainder=4. Ri2 Ga3 occurs. Da2 Ni3 occurs. So MechaKalyani has the notes Sa Ri2 Ga3 Ma2 Pa Da2 Ni3 SA.

    Exception for Simhendramadhyamam[edit]

    As per the above calculation, we should get Sa \leftrightarrow 7, Ha \leftrightarrow 8 giving the number 87 instead of 57 for Simhendramadhyamam. This should be ideally Sa \leftrightarrow 7, Ma \leftrightarrow 5 giving the number 57. So it is believed that the name should be written as Sihmendramadhyamam (as in the case of Brahmana in Sanskrit).

     Source from- Wikipedia

  • mysteriesexplored.wordpress.com

Saturday, January 24, 2015

BASANT PANCHAMI-GODESS SARASWATI MA WORSHIP

======माँ सरस्वती पूजा विधि=======
~~जय माँ सरस्वती~~
सरस्वती माता की पूजा करने वाले को सबसे पहले मां सरस्वती की प्रतिमा अथवा तस्वीर को सामने रखकर उनके सामने धूप-दीप और अगरबत्ती जलानी चाहिए।
इसके बाद पूजन आरंभ करनी चाहिए। सबसे पहले अपने आपको तथा आसन को इस मंत्र से शुद्घ करें- "ऊं अपवित्र : पवित्रोवा सर्वावस्थां गतोऽपिवा। य: स्मरेत् पुण्डरीकाक्षं स बाह्याभ्यन्तर: शुचि:॥" इन मंत्रों से अपने ऊपर तथा आसन पर 3-3 बार कुशा या पुष्पादि से छींटें लगायें फिर आचमन करें – ऊं केशवाय नम: ऊं माधवाय नम:, ऊं नारायणाय नम:, फिर हाथ धोएं, पुन: आसन शुद्धि मंत्र बोलें- ऊं पृथ्वी त्वयाधृता लोका देवि त्यवं विष्णुनाधृता। त्वं च धारयमां देवि पवित्रं कुरु चासनम्॥
शुद्धि और आचमन के बाद चंदन लगाना चाहिए। अनामिका उंगली से श्रीखंड चंदन लगाते हुए यह मंत्र बोलें 'चन्दगनस्यप महत्पुसण्यचम् पवित्रं पापनाशनम्, आपदां हरते नित्य म् लक्ष्मी तिष्ठकतु सर्वदा।'
बिना संकल्प के की गयी पूजा सफल नहीं होती है इसलिए संकल्प करें। हाथ में तिल, फूल, अक्षत मिठाई और फल लेकर 'यथोपलब्धपूजनसामग्रीभिः भगवत्या: सरस्वत्या: पूजनमहं करिष्ये|' इस मंत्र को बोलते हुए हाथ में रखी हुई सामग्री मां सरस्वती के सामने रख दें। इसके बाद गणपति जी की पूजा करें।
गणपति पूजन
----------------
हाथ में फूल लेकर गणपति का ध्यान करें। मंत्र पढ़ें-
गजाननम्भूतगणादिसेवितं कपित्थ जम्बू फलचारुभक्षणम्।
उमासुतं शोक विनाशकारकं नमामि विघ्नेश्वरपादपंकजम्।
हाथ में अक्षत लेकर गणपति का आवाहन: करें ऊं गं गणपतये इहागच्छ इह तिष्ठ।। इतना कहकर पात्र में अक्षत छोड़ें।
अर्घा में जल लेकर बोलें-
एतानि पाद्याद्याचमनीय-स्नानीयं,
पुनराचमनीयम् ऊं गं गणपतये नम:।
रक्त चंदन लगाएं:
इदम रक्त चंदनम् लेपनम् ऊं गं गणपतये नम:,
इसी प्रकार श्रीखंड चंदन बोलकर श्रीखंड चंदन लगाएं। इसके पश्चात सिन्दूर चढ़ाएं "इदं सिन्दूराभरणं लेपनम् ऊं गं गणपतये नम:। दुर्वा और विल्बपत्र भी गणेश जी को चढ़ाएं। गणेश जी को वस्त्र पहनाएं। इदं पीत वस्त्रं ऊं गं गणपतये समर्पयामि।
पूजन के बाद गणेश जी को प्रसाद अर्पित करें: इदं नानाविधि नैवेद्यानि ऊं गं गणपतये समर्पयामि:। मिष्टान अर्पित करने के लिए मंत्र: इदं शर्करा घृत युक्त नैवेद्यं ऊं गं गणपतये समर्पयामि:। प्रसाद अर्पित करने के बाद आचमन करायें। इदं आचमनयं ऊं गं गणपतये नम:। इसके बाद पान सुपारी चढ़ायें: इदं ताम्बूल पुगीफल समायुक्तं ऊं गं गणपतये समर्पयामि:। अब एक फूल लेकर गणपति पर चढ़ाएं और बोलें: एष: पुष्पान्जलि ऊं गं गणपतये नम:
इसी प्रकार से नवग्रहों की पूजा करें। गणेश के स्थान पर नवग्रह का नाम लें।
कलश पूजन
--------------
घड़े या लोटे पर मोली बांधकर कलश के ऊपर आम का पल्लव रखें। कलश के अंदर सुपारी, दूर्वा, अक्षत, मुद्रा रखें। कलश के गले में मोली लपेटें।� नारियल पर वस्त्र लपेट कर कलश पर रखें। हाथ में अक्षत और पुष्प लेकर वरूण देवता का कलश में आह्वान करें। ओ३म् त्तत्वायामि ब्रह्मणा वन्दमानस्तदाशास्ते यजमानो हविभि:। अहेडमानो वरुणेह बोध्युरुशंस मान आयु: प्रमोषी:। (अस्मिन कलशे वरुणं सांगं सपरिवारं सायुध सशक्तिकमावाहयामि, ओ३म्भूर्भुव: स्व:भो वरुण इहागच्छ इहतिष्ठ। स्थापयामि पूजयामि॥)
इसके बाद जिस प्रकार गणेश जी की पूजा की है उसी प्रकार वरूण और इन्द्र देवता की पूजा करें।
सरस्वती पूजन
-----------------
सबसे पहले माता सरस्वती का ध्यान करें
या कुन्देन्दु तुषारहार धवला या शुभ्रवस्त्रावृता।
या वीणावरदण्डमण्डितकरा या श्वेतपद्मासना ।।
या ब्रह्माच्युतशंकरप्रभृतिभिर्देवैः सदा वन्दिता।
सा मां पातु सरस्वती भगवती निःशेषजाड्यापहा।।1।।
शुक्लां ब्रह्मविचारसारपरमांद्यां जगद्व्यापनीं ।
वीणा-पुस्तक-धारिणीमभयदां जाड्यांधकारपहाम्।।
हस्ते स्फाटिक मालिकां विदधतीं पद्मासने संस्थिताम् ।
वन्दे तां परमेश्वरीं भगवतीं बुद्धिप्रदां शारदाम्।।2।।
इसके बाद सरस्वती देवी की प्रतिष्ठा करें। हाथ में अक्षत लेकर बोलें “ॐ भूर्भुवः स्वः महासरस्वती, इहागच्छ इह तिष्ठ। इस मंत्र को बोलकर अक्षर छोड़ें। इसके बाद जल लेकर 'एतानि पाद्याद्याचमनीय-स्नानीयं, पुनराचमनीयम्।” प्रतिष्ठा के बाद स्नान कराएं: ॐ मन्दाकिन्या समानीतैः, हेमाम्भोरुह-वासितैः स्नानं कुरुष्व देवेशि, सलिलं च सुगन्धिभिः।। ॐ श्री सरस्वतयै नमः।। इदं रक्त चंदनम् लेपनम् से रक्त चंदन लगाएं। इदं सिन्दूराभरणं से सिन्दूर लगाएं। ‘ॐ मन्दार-पारिजाताद्यैः, अनेकैः कुसुमैः शुभैः। पूजयामि शिवे, भक्तया, सरस्वतयै नमो नमः।। ॐ सरस्वतयै नमः, पुष्पाणि समर्पयामि।’इस मंत्र से पुष्प चढ़ाएं फिर माला पहनाएं। अब सरस्वती देवी को इदं पीत वस्त्र समर्पयामि कहकर पीला वस्त्र पहनाएं।
नैवैद्य अर्पण
---------------
पूजन के पश्चात देवी को "इदं नानाविधि नैवेद्यानि ऊं सरस्वतयै समर्पयामि" मंत्र से नैवैद्य अर्पित करें। मिष्टान अर्पित करने के लिए मंत्र: "इदं शर्करा घृत समायुक्तं नैवेद्यं ऊं सरस्वतयै समर्पयामि" बालें। प्रसाद अर्पित करने के बाद आचमन करायें। इदं आचमनयं ऊं सरस्वतयै नम:। इसके बाद पान सुपारी चढ़ायें: इदं ताम्बूल पुगीफल समायुक्तं ऊं सरस्वतयै समर्पयामि। अब एक फूल लेकर सरस्वती देवी पर चढ़ाएं और बोलें: एष: पुष्पान्जलि ऊं सरस्वतयै नम:। इसके बाद एक फूल लेकर उसमें चंदन और अक्षत लगाकर किताब कॉपी पर रख दें।
पूजन के पश्चात् सरस्वती माता के नाम से हवन करें। इसके लिए भूमि को स्वच्छ करके एक हवन कुण्ड बनाएं। आम की अग्नि प्रज्वलित करें। हवन में सर्वप्रथम 'ऊं गं गणपतये नम:' स्वाहा मंत्र से गणेश जी एवं 'ऊं नवग्रह नमः' स्वाहा मंत्र से नवग्रह का हवन करें, तत्पश्चात् सरस्वती माता के मंत्र 'ॐ सरस्वतयै नमः स्वहा' से 108 बार हवन करें। हवन का भभूत माथे पर लगाएं। श्रद्धापूर्वक प्रसाद ग्रहण करें इसके बाद सभी में वितरित करें।
"जय माँ सरस्वती"

Thursday, January 22, 2015

संस्कृत

संस्कृत ही हिमालय से लेकर समुद्रपर्यन्त सम्पूर्ण भारत की वास्तविक भाषा है, इसमें प्रमाण – प्राचीन काल में संस्कृत का एक और नाम प्रचलित था – भारती। भारती का अर्थ है - भारत की भाषा। भारत के सबसे प्राचीन धर्मशास्त्र महामुनि गौतम प्रणीत सामवेदीय धर्म सूत्र की टीका करते हुए एक बहुत ही प्राचीन टीकाकार हरदत्ताचार्य ने संस्कृत के लिये इस शब्द का प्रयोग किया है – “वाक् संस्कृता भारती” (गौतम धर्म सूत्र २.२.१२)। भा अर्थात् ज्ञान के प्रकाश की प्राप्ति में सदैव रत रहने वाले इस महान् भारत देश की भाषा होने के कारण ही इसे “भारती” कहते थे। ये भारत के किसी एक प्रदेश विशेष की नहीं, अपितु जहां तक भारतीय वैदिक सनातन संस्कृति का प्रचार था, वहां तक के समस्त भूभाग की महान् सांस्कृतिक भाषा थी। जहां तक भारतीय वैदिक संस्कृति का प्रचार था, उस समस्त भूभाग पर देववाणी संस्कृत भाषा का भी प्रचार था। इसके प्रमाण हमें वियतनाम, इण्डोनेशिया तथा सुदूर पूर्व में फिलिपींस तक में खुदाई से निकले संस्कृत के अति प्राचीन शिलालेखों से ज्ञात होता है। वास्तविकता यह है कि संस्कृत से ही हमारी संस्कृति है और भारती से ही हमारा भारत है। संस्कृत न रहे, तो हमारी संस्कृति न बचेगी; भारती न रहेगी, तो भारत भी न बचेगा। यह जिस दिन इस देश के वासियों को यह बात समझ में आ जायेगा, उस दिन इस देश का विकास जापान तथा चीन जैसे अपने संस्कृति व भाषा के महत्त्व को समझने वाले देशों की तरह होने लग जायेगा, और वह विकास आर्थिक और वैज्ञानिक तो होगा ही, साथ में आध्यात्मिक भी होगा, जिसकी प्यास अब विश्व के आर्थिक व वैज्ञानिक रूप से विकसित राष्ट्रों में जाग उठी है। इस अन्तरात्मा की गहरी प्यास को बुझाने का कार्य भी यह भारतीय संस्कृति द्वारा दिया हुआ योग और वेदान्त का उच्च आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान ही कर सकता है॥ उत्तिष्ठ भारत... जागो, भारत! जागो...

Hare Krishn Mantra (chant) per Vedic Sanskrit is Maha Mantra

Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama Rama Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare

Lord Siva specifically instructs that chanting the Hare Krishna Maha Mantra is the best process for spiritual realization:
harim bina nasti kijcat papani-starakam kalau | tasmal-lokod-dharana-artham hari-nama prakasayet ||
sarvatra mucyate loko maha-papat kalau yuge | hare-krsna-pada-dvandvam krsneti ca pada-dvayam ||
tatha hare-pada-dvandvam hare-rama iti dvayam | tad-ante ca maha-devi rama rama dvayam vadet ||
hare hare tato bruyad harinama samud dharet | maha-mantram ca krsnasya sarvapapa pranasakamiti ||

Lord Siva says to his wife Parvati-devi: “O Mahadevi! Look! In Kali-yuga there is no easier way to eradicate sins than by the holy names of Lord Krsna. It is therefore essential to propagate the chanting of the Hare Krsna maha-mantra among the general populous. The people in Kali-yuga can be easily liberated from the greatest hell by performing sankirtana of this Hare Krsna maha-mantra. To chant the maha-mantra, first chant hare krsna twice, then chant krsna twice, then hare twice. After that, chant hare rama twice, then rama twice and again hare twice. Thus the maha-mantra: Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama Rama Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare. One should chant, articulate and perform sankirtana etc., of this Hare Krsna maha-mantra, which destroys all sins.”
(Sri Brahma Yamala)


harer nama harer nama
harer namaiva kevalam
kalau nasty eva nasty eva
nasty eva gatir anyatha
“In this age of quarrel and hypocrisy the only means of deliverance is chanting of the holy name of ONLY Lord Hari. There is no other way. There is no other way. There is no other way.”
(Brhad Naradiya Purana)


harinama para ye ca ghore kali-yuge narah
te eva krtakrtyasca na kalir badhate hi tan hare
kesava govinda vasudeva jaganmaya
itirayanti ye nityam na hi tam badhate kalih
“In this dark age of Kali-yuga, sincere devotees of the Supreme Lord Krsna should leave aside all other means for liberation and take full shelter of the holy name. This is their real responsibility and duty. There is unlimited bliss in chanting the different names of Krsna: Hari, Kesava, Govinda, Vasudeva and Jaganmaya. For one who chants constantly with unflinching faith, he remains unaffected by the reverses of Kali-yuga, because his heart has become purified by chanting.”
(Brhan-naradiya Purana)


hari-nama-para ye ca
hari-kirtana tat parah
hari-puja-para ye ca te
krtarthah kalau-yuge
“Those who engage in chanting the holy name of Lord Hari (japa), are addicted to congregational chanting (kirtana) and engage in the worship of Lord Hari, have accomplished their desires in the age of Kali.”
(Brhan-naradiya Purana)


dhyayan krte yajan
yajnais tretayam dvapare
’rcayan yad apnoti tad apnoti
kalau sankirtya kesavam
“Whatever is achieved in Satya-yuga by meditation, in Treta by offering ritual sacrifices and in Dvapara by temple worship is achieved in Kali-yuga by chanting the names of Lord Kesava congregationally.”
(Padma Purana, Uttara Khanda 42nd Chapter)


satyam kali-yuga vipra
sri harer nama mangalam
param svastyayanam nrnam
nasty-eva gatir anyatha
“Oh brahmana, chanting of the holy name of Sri Hari is the auspicious process in Kali Yuga. It is the highest auspiciousness for mankind. There is no other way.”
(Padma Purana)
krsna krsneti krsneti
svapan jagrad vrajamstatha
yo jalpati kalau nityam
krsna-rupi bhaveddhi sah
“Whoever continuously chants Lord Krsna’s holy name, even in his sleep, can easily realise that the name is a direct manifestation of Krsna Himself, in spite of the influences of Kali-yuga. This has been ordained by Lord Krsna.
(Varaha Purana)


varjams-tisthan svapannasnan svasan
vakya-prapuranenama-samkirtanam
visnor- helaya kali-vardhanam krtva
svarupatam yati bhakti-yuktam param vrajet
“In our normal activities of eating, sleeping, sitting, dreaming, etc. to chant Krsna’s names, while nullify the ill effects of Kali-yuga, is the perfection of speech. Even it a person chants Krsna’s names indifferently, he will surely achieve his svarupa, or original spiritual self and attain that state beyond all material fear and lamentation. He will reach Vaikuntha, the supreme goal.
(Linga Purana)


krte yad dhyayato visnum
tretayam yajato makhaih
dvapare paricaryayam
kalau tad dhari-kirtanat
Whatever result was obtained in Satya-yuga be meditating on Visnu, in Treta-yuga by performing sacrifices and in Dvapara-yuga by serving the Lord’s feet can be obtained in Kali-yuga simply by chanting the Hare Krishna maha-mantra.
(Srimad Bhagavatam 12.3.52)


The Hare Krsna maha-mantra has been prescribed by Lord Brahma:
hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare | hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
iti sodasakam namnam kali-kalmasa-nasanam | natah parataropayah sarva-vedesu drsyate ||
Lord Brahma instructs his son and disciple, Narada Muni as follows: “The sixteen words of the Hare Krsna maha-mantra – (Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare) – are especially meant for counteracting the sins of Kali-yuga. To save oneself from the contamination of Kali-yuga there is no other alternative, but to chant the Hare Krsna maha-mantra.After searching through all the Vedic scriptures one cannot find a method of religion for this age (Kali-yuga) so sublime as the chanting of the Hare Krsna maha-mantra.”
(Kalisantarana Upanisad 5; 6 of Krishna Yajur Veda)


hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare | hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
sodasaitani namani dvatrimsad varnakani hi | kalau yuge maha-mantrah sammato jivatarane ||
varjayitva tu namaitad durjanaih parikalpitam | chandobaddham susiddhanta viruddham nabhyaset padam ||
tarakam brahma-namaitad brahmana gurunadina | kalisantaranadyasu sruti-svadhigatam hareh ||
praptam sri brahma-sisyena sri naradena dhimata | namaitad-uttamam srauta-paramparyena brahmanah ||
utsrjyaitan-maha-mantram ye tvanyat kalpitam padam | mahanameti gayanti te sastra-guru langhanah ||
tattva-virodha-sanprktam tadrsam daurjanam matam | sravatha pariharyam syadatma-hitarthina sada ||
hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare | hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
“’Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare’ – This sixteen-name, thirty-two syllable mantra is the maha-mantra in Kali-yuga by which all living beings can be delivered. One should never abandon chanting this maha-mantra and take to other so-called purificatory processes which are practiced by rascals, or engage in chanting other metrical compositions of the name of Krishna that are against the pure conclusions of the scriptures, or are filled with rasaabhaas. About this divinely spiritual maha-mantra, which delivers one from material existence, the original guru, Lord Brahma, has said, kali-santararadi sruti, “The srutis have declared this mantra to be the best means of deliverance in the age of Kali”. Having all heard this from Brahma, the sons and disciples of Brahma, beginning with Narada, all accepted the Hare Krishna maha-mantra and, having meditated on it, attained perfection.
(Sri Ananta-samhita)


Radha Hrdya Khanda, Romaharsana Suta prays to Sri Vedavyasa as follows:
yat tvaya kirtitam natha hari-nameti sanjitam | mantram brahma-padam siddhi karam-tad-vad-no-vibho ||
“O master, O mighty one! Please glorify the Hari-nama mantra situated in transcendence, the cause of all perfection!”
grhanad yasya mantrasya dehi brahma-mayo bhavet |
sadhyah putah surapo ‘pi sarva-siddhi-yuto bhavet | tad-aham te ‘bhidhasyami maha-bhagavato hamsi ||
hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare | hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
iti sodasakam namnam tri-kala kalmasapaham | natah parataropayah sarva vedesu vidhyate ||
Sri Vedavyasa said to Romaharsana Suta “O my son the embodied soul who takes up the maha-mantra will become filled with transcendence, and by accepting it, even a drunkard will attain all perfections. I will recite this mantra to you, for you are a swan-like maha-bhagavata and a suitable candidate. Just see! The sixteen word maha-mantra, ’Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare’, can destroy the sins of the three worlds. The Vedas do not mention a method for achieving liberation from material bondage superior to the chanting of this maha-mantra.
(Brahmanda Purana)




srnu matarmahamaye visva-bija-svarupini | hari namno mahamaye kramaG vad suresvari ||
“Hear me, O mother Mahamaya, seed of the universe personified, mistress of the gods! Please explain the sequence of Hari-nama.”
hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare | hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
dvatrim sadaksaranyeva kalau namani sarvadam | etanmantram suta srestha prathamam srnuyannarah ||
Tripura-devi said: “O best among sons! The maha-mantra for Kali-yuga bestows all perfection. This maha-mantra, is composed of sixteen names and thirty-two syllables: ’Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare’. Therefore, a person who desires his own welfare should first hear this Hare Krsna maha-mantra from a bonafide spiritual master.”
(Sri Radha Tantra)



hare-krsnau dvir avrttau | krsna tadrk tatha hare ||
hare rama tatha rama | tatha tadrg ghare manuh ||
”The words hare krsna are repeated twice, and then krsna and hare are both separately twice repeated. In the same way, hare rama, rama and hare are twice repeated.The maha-mantra is thus: ’Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare’.”
(Sanat-Kumara-samhita)


The Supreme Lord Sri Krsna says to Lord Brahma:
tatha catra bhavisyami bhaktyanugraha-kamyaya |
sahasraso’vatara me gita brahman yuge yuge | bana-margair veda-margai ripunam tatra sanksayam ||
bhaktanam taranam krtva khyapitam sva-yasah ksitau | kalau nasta-drsam esa mat-padyarka udesyat ||
hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare | hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
sakrd dvis trir yatha-sakti yavaj jivam athapi va | vyaharan svapaco’pi syan mama bhakto na samsayah ||
“O Brahma, yuga after yuga I kindly appear in many thousands of incarnations.” “Walking either on the path of arrows or the path of the Vedas, I deliver the devotees, destroy their enemies, and place My glory on the earth.” “For they who have become blinded by Kali-yuga, a mantra with My holy names will rise like a glorious sun. This verse is: Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare.” “One should chant this mantra once, twice, thrice, as many times as one is able, or again and again for as long as one lives. By chanting this maha-mantra even a dogeater may become My devotee.”
(Vayu-Purana)


Pipplada mentions that Vrsabhanu Maharaja once prayed to Kratu Muni, “O Lord, if you want to favour me, then please donate to me the names of Hari.” At that moment the saintly Kratu Muni gave him the sixteen name maha-mantra (Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare). By clearly pronouncing this maha-mantra, one can attain brahma (salokya, samipya, sarupya and sayujya). Not only that, one can attain krsna-prema, the fifth goal of human life (panca purusartha).’ ”
(Brahmanda Purana, Uttara Khanda 6.55)


Lord Brahma tells his son Pipplada as follows:
mantro guhyah paramo bhakti vedyah
“The Maha-Mantra is confidential, transcendental and can be understood only by devotional service, (bhakti-yoga).”
namany astav asta ca sobhanani |
tani nityam ye japanti dhiras te vai mayam atitaranti nanyah |
paramam mantram parama-rahasyam nityam avartayanti ||


These sixteen names are supremely beautified. Those who chant them regularly are sober persons who are able to cross beyond the illusory energy. There is no other means. One should repeat this maha-mantra which is the supreme secret, regularly.
(Caitanya-Upanisad, Atharva-Veda)


It is further stated by Lord Brahma as follows:
sva nama-mula-mantrena sarvam hladayati vibhuh | sa eve mulam-mantram japati haririti krsna iti rama iti ||
“The name is the root of all mantras, the splendid one bringing joy to everyone. This root-mantra is chanted as Hari, Krsna and Rama.”

sa eva mula-mantram japati harir iti krsna iti rama iti || 11 ||
“He (Lord Caitanya) chants the original mantra consisting of Hari, Krishna and Rama.”
(Caitanya Upanisad)
dvatrimsad-aksaram mantram nama-sodasakanvitam |
prajapan vaisnavo nityam radha-krsna-sthalam labhet ||
“Those Vaisnavas who always chant the maha-mantra composed of sixteen names divided into thirty-two syllables (Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare) attain Sri Vrndavana, the abode of Sri Radha-Krsna.”
(Padma Purana)


In the Padma Purana it is further stated regarding congregational chanting of the maha-mantra:
harer nama maha-mantrair nasyet papa pisacakam |
harer agra svarair uccair nrtyam stan-namakrin-narah | punati bhuvanam vipra! gaggadi salilam yatha ||
hare pradaksinam kurvann uccais tan nama krin narah | karataladi sandhanam susvaram kala sabditam ||
“Anyone who dances in front of Sri Hari and loudly chants the maha-mantra (Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare) will destroy all witches of sin. Just as the water of sacred rivers like the Ganga purify the universe, similarly those who circumambulate Sri Hari and loudly perform nama sankirtana of the sixteen word maha-mantra with sweet voices and while clapping the hands, purify the entire universe.”
(Padma Purana)
advitiyam yatha mantram tarakam brahma namakam
japitva siddhim apnoti satyam satyam vadamy aham
imam eva japan mantram tryamabakas tripur antakam
Chanting the peerless taraka-brahma-mantra (Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare / Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare), which is taraka-brahma-nama, the great chanting for deliverance in Kali-yuga, one obtains perfection. This is the truth. This is the truth. It is only by chanting this great mantra Lord Siva killed the Tripurasuras.
(Smriti Sastra)


The fruit of chanting the thirty-two-syllable maha-mantra is described as follows:
harir eva samaradhyah | sarva deve suresvarah ||
hari nama maha mantrair | nasyatpapa pisacakam ||
All the grievous sins of one who worships Lord Sri Hari, the Lord of all lords, and chants the holy name, the maha-mantra (Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare), are removed.
(Padma Purana, Svarga Khanda 50.6)


hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare |hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
sodazaitani namani dvatrimzad varnakani hi |kalau yuge maha-mantrah sammato jivatarane ||
varjayitva tu namaitad durjanaih parikalpitam |chandobaddham susiddhanta viruddham nabhyaset padam ||
tarakam brahma-namaitad brahmana gurunadina |kalisantaranadyasu zruti-svadhigatam hareh ||
praptam zri brahma-zisyena zri naradena dhimata |namaitad-uttamam zrauta-paramparyena brahmanah ||
utsrjyaitan-maha-mantram ye tvanyat kaepitam padam |mahanameti gayanti te zastra-guru langhanah ||
tattva-virodha-saoprktam tadrzam daurjanam matam |sravatha pariharyam syadatma-hitarthina sada ||
hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare |hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
“‘Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama RamaRama Rama Rama Hare Hare’ — This sixteen-name, thirty-two syllable mantrais the maha-mantra in the age of Kali by which all living beings can bedelivered. One should never abandon chanting this maha-mantra and take toother so-called purificatory processes which are practiced by rascals, orengage in chanting other metrical compositions of the name of Krishna thatare against the pure conclusions of the scriptures, or are filled with rasabhasa.
About this divinely spiritual maha-mantra, which delivers one from materialexistence, the original guru, Lord Brahma, has said, kali-santararadi srutite, ‘Thesrutis have declared this mantra to be the best means of deliverance in the ageof Kali’. Having all heard this from Brahma, the sons and disciples of Brahma,beginning with Narada, all accepted the Hare Krishna maha-mantra and,having meditated on it, attained perfection.”
(Ananta-samhita)



srnu matarmahamaye visva-bija-svarupini | hari namno mahamaye krama vad suresvari ||
“Hear me, O mother Mahamaya, seed of the universe personified, mistress of the gods! Please explain the sequence of Hari-nama.”
hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare | hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare ||
dvatrim sadaksaranyeva kalau namani sarvadam | etanmantram suta srestha prathamam srnuyannarah ||
Tripura-devi said: “O best among sons! The maha-mantra for Kali-yuga bestows all perfection. This maha-mantra, is composed of sixteen names and thirty-two syllables: ’Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare’. Therefore, a person who desires his own welfare should first hear this Hare Krsna maha-mantra from a bonafide spiritual master.”
(Sri Radha Tantra)


dvatrimsad-aksaram mantram nama-sodasakanvitam |
prajapan vaisnavo nityam radha-krsna-sthalam labhet ||
“Those Vaisnavas who always chant the maha-mantra composed of sixteen names divided into thirty-two syllables (Hare Krsna Hare Krsna Krsna Krsna Hare Hare Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare) attain Sri Vrndavana, the abode of Sri Radha-Krsna.”
(Padma Purana)



Srila Vrindavana Das Thakura describes Lord Caitanya’s instructions to Tapana Misra as follows:
sadhya-sadhana-tattva ye kichu sakala |
hari-nama-sagkirtane milibe sakala || 143 ||
harer nama harer nama harer namaiva kevalam |
kalau nasty eva nasty eva nasty eva gatir anyatha || 144 ||
hare krsna hare krsna krsna krsna hare hare |
hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare || 145 ||
ei zloka nama bali laya maha-mantra |
zola-nama batriza-aksara ei tantra || 146 ||
sadhite sadhite yabe premagkura habe |
sadhya-sadhana-tattva janiba se tabe || 147 ||
“Everything is accomplished by Hari-nama sankirtana, including the goal of life (sadhya) and the means for its attainment (sadhana). In this age of Kali, the only means for deliverance is the chanting of the names of Hari. There is no other way, there is no other way, there is no other way. ‘Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare.’ This verse of names is called the maha-mantra. It contains sixteen names of the Lord, consisting of thirty-two syllables. Chanting this mantra again and again will awaken the sprout of prema within the heart, and thus the goal of life and the means for its attainment is understood.”
(Sri Caitanya Bhagavata 1.14.143-147)


Gopala Guru Gosvami, drawing from the Brahmanda Purana has presented the following meaning for the maha-mantra:
vijjapya bhagavat-tattvam cid ghanananda vigraham | haratyavidham tatkaryamato haririti smrtah ||
harati sri-krsna-manah krsnahlada-svarupini | ato harety anenaiva sri-radha parikirtita ||
anandaikasukhah sriman syamah kamala locanah | gokulanando nanda-nandanah krsna iryate ||
vaidagdhi sarasarvasvam murtalila dhidaivatam | sri radham ramayan nityam rama ity abhidiyate ||
“The Lord is known as Hari because he takes away the ignorance of his devotees by revealing to them the actual nature of the Supreme Lord and his personal spiritual form.
Because She steals Krishna’s mind, because She is the incarnation of Krishna’s joy, Radha is also known by the name Hara.
The dark, lotus-eyed lord, the only master of the highest joy, who brings pleasure to Gokula, the son of Nanda, is known as Krishna.
Krishna is also known as Rama because the joys of conjugal life are the essence of his being, because He is the titulary deity of loving sports incarnate, and because he brings pleasure to Srimati Radharani.”
From Krishnpath

Wednesday, January 21, 2015

List of core words in English and Latin derived from Sanskrit

The World’s Oldest Known Literary work - the Vedas – the root source of the Indian and Hindu Philosophy and Spirituality – are written in Sanskrit.
“The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could not possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source which, perhaps, no longer exists; there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothick and the Celtick, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanskrit; and the old Persian might be added to the same family”
So said Sir William Jones – the English Philologist who for the first time in 1786 suggested in his book “The Sanscrit Language” that Greek and Latin were related to Sanskrit and perhaps even Gothic, Celtic and Persian languages were related to Sanskrit.
It was this work which later gave birth to the so called Proto-Indo-European theory which instead of looking into Sanskrit being the root language of all Indo-European languages, suggests that all Indo-European languages including Sanskrit came from another so far unheard of language called PIE or Proto-Indo-European language.
Well, the irony is that till today there is no literature in the world about the so called PIE. There is no inscription found anywhere in the world written in the so called PIE. Nobody knows how the PIE was. Nobody knows who spoke it or in which part of the world was it spoken. No known ancient culture in the world talks about such a language being the root of the language they spoke. Simply put there is NO PROOF about the existence of this language. Just look at its name. It was a name GIVEN to it. A language if spoken will definitely contain words referring to everything that the people who spoke it could identify, yet here is a language which doesnt even have a name referring to itself!
So then what is the basis of having introduced this language in the language tree in the first place - a language which will remain invisible forever? Might be a guess, Max Muller used to guess a lot like this about the vedas, which he then retreated later.
Be it Greek Latin English Hindi Lithuanian – Sanskrit is the mother of all Languages. Even Scholars like Voltaire, Immanuel Kant etc believed that Sanskrit was the root of all Indo-European languages.
“I am convinced that everything has come down to us from the banks of the Ganges” said Voltaire. He believed that the “Dynasty of Brahmins taught the rest of the world”.
“Mankind together with all science must have originated on the roof of the world ie the Himalayas” declared Immanuel Kant.
About PIE – No idea, they are all linguistic experts who created this language, Oops, I mean its existence – for the language itself is not known yet. I am not an expert to speak on PIE, might be those who speak about it are experts in this language :)
All I do is present below a list of English words which are derived from Latin/Greek/Persian which are in turn derived from Sanskrit. Indians will be quick enough to recognize these words in their own language since most Indian languages have also originated from Sanskrit and even the other languages have a great deal of Sanskrit influence on them.
And here goes the list of English words derived from Sanskrit.
NOTE: Just to make it clear the below list does not contain Sanskrit words that have been directly borrowed into English in recent times like Karma, Avatar, Mantra, Guru, Cheetah, Pundit, Juggernaut, Nirvana, Lakh etc but lists only those English words which were derived from Sanskrit as English evolved by borrowing words from Greek/Latin etc.

Mainstream English words with Sanskrit Roots

Prati Shat (meaning for every hundred i.e percent)per centum (L)percent
Root Sanskrit WordMedian Word in Latin(L) / Greek(G) / Arabic(A)Derived English Word
Gau (meaning Cow)Bous (G)Cow
Matr (meaning Mother)Mater (L)Mother
Jan (meaning Generation)Genea (G)Gene
Aksha (meaning Axis)Axon (G)Axis
Navagatha (meaning Navigation)Navigationem (L)Navigation
Sarpa (meaning Snake)Serpentem (L)Serpent
Naas (means Nose)Nasus (L)Nose
Anamika (means Anonymous)Anonymos (G)Anonymous
Naama (means Name)Nomen (L)Name
Manu (means First Human)??Man/Men/Human
Ashta (meaning Eight)Octo (L)Eight
Barbara (meaning Foreign)Barbaria (L)Barbarian
Dhama (meaning House)Domus (L)Domicile
Danta (meaning Teeth)Dentis (L)Dental
Dwar (meaning Door)DoruDoor
Dasha (meaning Ten)Deca (G)Deca
Madhyam (meaning Medium)Medium (L)Medium
Kaal (meaning Time)Kalendae (L)Calendar
Kri (meaning To Do)Creatus (L)Create
Mishra (meaning Mix)Mixtus (L)Mix
Ma (meaning Me/My)Me (L)Me
Pithr (meaning Father)Pater (L)Father
Bhrathr (meaning Brother)Phrater (G)Brother
Loka (meaning Place)Locus (L)Locale
Maha (meaning Great)Magnus (L)Mega
Mala (meaning Dirt/Bad)Malus (L)Mal as in Malicious, Malnutrition, Malformed etc
Makshikaa (meaning Bee)Musca (L) (Meaning Fly)Mosquito
Mrta (meaning Dead)Mortis (L)Murder
Na (meaning No)NeNo
Nakta (meaning Night)Nocturnalis (L)Nocturnal
Paad (meaning Foot)Pedis (L)Ped as in Pedestrial, Pedal etc
Pancha (meaning Five)Pente (G)Penta, Five
Parah (meaning Remote)Pera (G)Far
Patha (meaning Path)Pathes (G)Path
Raja / Raya (meaning King)Regalis (L)Royal
Sama (meaning Similar)Similis (L)Similar
Sapta (meaning Seven)Septum (L)Seven
Sharkara (meaning Sugar)SuccarumSugar / Sucrose
Smi (meaning Smile)Smilen (L)Smile
SthaH (meaning Situated)Stare (L) (meaning To Stand)Stay
Svaad (meaning Tasty)Suavis (L)Sweet
Tha (meaning That)Talis (L)That
Tva (meaning Thee)DihThee
Vachas (meaning Speech)Vocem (L)Voice
Vahaami (meaning Carry)Vehere (meaning to Carry) (L)Vehicle
Vama / Vamati (meaning Vomit)Vomere (L)Vomit
Vastr (meaning Cloth)Vestire (L)Vest
Yauvana (meaning Youth)Juvenilis (L)Juvenile
Narangi (meaning Orange)NaranjOrange
Pippali (meaning Pepper)Piperi (G)Pepper
Chandana (meaning Sandalwood)Santalon (G)Sandalwood
Chandra (meaning Moon)Candela (L) (meaning light / torch)Candle
Chatur (meaning Four)Quartus (L)Quarter
Shunya (meaning Zero)Cipher (A)Zero
a (prefix meaning “not” ex: gochara – agochara)a (L)(G) (prefix meaning “not”)a (prefix meaning “not” ex: theiest-atheist
an (prefix meaning “not” ex: avashya – anavashya)un (L)(G) (prefix meaning “not”)un (prefix meaning “not” ex: do-undo
Arjuna (meaning Charm of Silver)Argentinum (L)Argentinum – Scientific Name of Silver
Nava (meaning New)Novus (L)Nova – New
Kafa (meaning Mucus)CoughenCough
Mithya (meaning Lie)Mythos (G)Myth
Thri (meaning Three)Treis (G)Three
Mush (meaning Mouse)Mus (L)Mouse
Maragadum (meaning Emerald)Smaragdus (L)Emerald
Ghritam (meaning Ghee)??Ghee
Srgalah (meaning Jackal)Shagal (Persian)Jackal
Nila (meaning Dark Blue)Nilak (Persian)Lilac
SrgalahShagal (Persian)Jackal
Man (Ma as in Malaysia) (meaning Mind)Mens (L)Mind
Upalah (meaning Precious Stone)Opalus (L)Opal
Vrihis (meaning Rice)Oriza (L)Rice
Upalah (meaning Precious Stone)Opalus (L)Opal
Barbar (meaning stammering)Barbaros (G)Barbarian
Jaanu (meaning knee)Genu (L)Knee
Sunu (meaning Son or Offspring)Sunu (German)Son
Ghas (meaning eat)Grasa (German)Grass
Samiti (meaning Committee)committere (L)Committee
Sama (meaning Same)Samaz (Proto Germanic)Same
Lubh (meaning Desire)Lubo (Latin and Proto Germanic)Love
Agni (meaning Fire)Ignis (L)Ignite
Hrt (meaning Heart)Herto (Proto Germanic)Heart
Yaana (meaning journey, wagon)Wagen (German)Van, Wagon
Nara (meaning Nerve)Nervus (L)Nerve, Nervous
They (th pronounced as in thunder, meaning they)Dei (Germanic)They
Pratiper (L)per
Prati Shat (meaning for every hundred, i.e percent)per centum (L)percent