Friday, January 24, 2014

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach – Lesson 26

Learning Sanskrit by fresh approach – Lesson 26

Sanskrit: A crash course - WWU
संस्कृतभाषायाः नूतनाध्ययनस्य षट्-विंशतितमः  (२६) पाठः ।
From “आश्चर्य-शृङ्खला आशा” discussed in the last lesson, I would like to take up this सुभाषितम् which also has quite some satire in it -
अशनं मे वसनं मे जाया मे बन्धु-वर्गो मे ।
इति मे मे कुर्वाणं कालवृको  हन्ति पुरुषाजम् ।।
By my own reasoning, I would like to substitute the first line to read as –
रूपं मे आभरणं मे भवनं मे साधनानि च मे ।
१. संधि-विच्छेदान्  कृत्वा समासानां पदानि च दर्शयित्वा ।
अशनं मे वसनं मे जाया मे बन्धु-वर्गः मे ।
इति मे मे कुर्वाणं काल-वृकः हन्ति पुरुष-अजम् ।।
There is no संधिः or समासः in the substituting option
२. समासानां विग्रहाः ।
अनुक्र.सामासिक-शब्दःपूर्वपदम्उत्तरपदम्समासस्य विग्रहःसमासस्य प्रकारः
बन्धु-वर्गःबन्धुःवर्गःबन्धूनां वर्गःषष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः
काल-वृकःकालःवृकःकालः वृकः इवकर्मधारयः
पुरुष-अजम्पुरुषःअजःपुरुषः अजः इव (तम्)*कर्मधारयः
*Instead of having a column for the first case (प्रथमा-विभक्तिःof the सामासिक-शब्दः the (तम्) at the end of समासस्य विग्रहः explains the लिङ्गम्, विभक्तिः and वचनम् of the सामासिक-शब्दः ।
३. शब्दशः विश्लेषणम् ।
अनुक्र.संज्ञासंज्ञायाः प्रकारःमूल-संज्ञालिङ्गम्विभक्तिःवचनम्शब्दार्थः
अशनम्सामान्यनामअशननपुं.प्रथमाएक.food
मेसर्वनामअस्मद्-षष्ठीएक.My, mine
वसनम्सामान्यनामवसननपुं.प्रथमाएक.Dress, clothes
जायासामान्यनामजायास्त्री.प्रथमाएक.wife
बन्धूनाम्सामान्यनामबन्धुपु.षष्ठीबहु.Of relatives
वर्गःसामान्यनामवर्गपु.प्रथमाएक.group
इतिअव्ययम्----like this
कुर्वाणम्धा. सा. विशेषणम्कुर्वाणपु.द्वितीयाएक.doer
कालःसामान्यनामकालपु.प्रथमाएक.death
१०वृकःसामान्यनामवृकपु.प्रथमाएक.wolf
११हन्ति
क्रियापदम्
kills
१२पुरुषःसामान्यनामपुरुषपु.प्रथमाएक.man
१३अजम्सामान्यनामअजपु.द्वितीयाएक.goat
१४रूपम्सामान्यनामरूपनपुं.प्रथमाएक.beauty
१५आभरणम्सामान्यनामआभरणनपुं.प्रथमाएक.ornaments
१६भवनम्सामान्यनामभवननपुं.प्रथमाएक.House
१७साधनानिसामान्यनामसाधननपुं.प्रथमाबहु.equipment
४ धातुसाधितानां विश्लेषणम् ।
अनुक्र.शब्दःप्रत्ययःधातुःगणःपदम्प्रयोजकः ?प्रयोगःकालः / अर्थः
कुर्वाणम्आनकृउ.कर्तरिवर्त.
५ क्रियापदानां विश्लेषणम् ।
अनुक्र.शब्दःधातुःगणःपदम् (अत्र)प्रयोजकः ?प्रयोगःकालः / अर्थःपुरुषःवचनम्
हन्तिहन्प.कर्मणिवर्त.तृतीयएक.
६ अन्वयाः अनुवादाः च ।
अनुक्र.अन्वयाःअनुवादाः
“अशनम् मे (अस्ति), वसनम् मे (अस्ति), जाया मे (अस्ति), बन्धु-वर्गः मे (अस्ति)” इति “मे, मे” कुर्वाणम् पुरुष-अजम् काल-वृकः हन्ति ।A person (who keeps saying) “mine, mine” such as “Food is mine, dress is mine, wife is mine, relatives are mine”, is like a mewing goat, ranting “mine, mine” whom Death-like wolf kills.
“मे रूपम् (अस्तु), मे आभरणम् (अस्तु), मे भवनम् (अस्तु), मे साधनानि (सन्तु)” इति “मे, मे” कुर्वाणम् पुरुष-अजम् काल-वृकः हन्ति ।A person (who keeps saying) “mine, mine” such as “beauty should be mine, ornaments should be mine, house should be mine, equipment (and facilities) should be mine”, is like a mewing goat, ranting “mine, mine” who falls a prey to Death-like wolf.
७ टिप्पणयः ।
I have not done वाक्यानाम् विश्लेषणम् । I think, this gets taken care of in doing अन्वयः । Let’s see.
This सुभाषितम् is a good satire for people running after materialistic affluence and external physical charm.
Items of materialistic affluence sighted in original सुभाषितम् are not necessarily items of affluence. अशनम् food, वसनम् clothing are basic necessities.
To sight items of materialistic affluence and of external physical charm, I thought it better to substitute the first line by including there रूपम्, आभरणम्, भवनम् and साधनानि । I hope, people will like and approve my substitution of the first line :-)
By भवनम् I imply also the craze of people wanting to have palaces, whereas what one needs is primarily a place for feeling ‘at home’.
By साधनानि I imply the craze of people to have latest and costliest TVs, automobiles, mobile phones, and what not. Are not the early-morning queues at Apple stores, every time they announce a new gadget, just an example of the craze for साधनानि ?
In economics they classify human wants into three categories – necessities, comforts and luxuries. There was a concept to make comparison of standard of living in different countries by considering per capita consumption of fuel and energy. I guess, issues of global warming and climate change and of thousands of tons of electronic wastes are slowly awakening the people to the vanity of that concept.
The essence of the सुभाषितम् is of course to underline the vanity of striving for materialistic affluence and external charm. Implicit in it is also the importance of striving for spiritual awakening, which is possible only in human life.
This deliberation brings to mind following श्लोकाः from eleventh chapter in श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता ।
नाहं वेदैर्न तपसा न दानेन  चेज्यया ।
शक्य एवंविधो द्रष्टुं दृष्टवानसि मां यथा ।। (11-53)
भक्त्या त्वनन्यया शक्य अहम् एवंविधोSर्जुन
ज्ञातुं द्रष्टुं च तत्त्वेन प्रवेष्टुं च परंतप ।। (11-54)
Not by (learning) the वेदाः, nor by (harsh) penances (तपसा), nor by philanthropy (दानेन), nor by performing यज्ञाः, would one become eligible for such vision of me, as you have been blessed with (just now).
But by single-minded devotion, it is possible to get such vision and to know me by the essence of such knowledge (knowledge of who and what I am) and entering (into the glorious world of mine).
१०It is a very satisfactory feeling to be able to indulge in these deliberations, which take me into thoughts beyond the literal translation of the सुभाषितानि ।
There was quite some interesting interaction with Mr. Avinash Sathaye. As a result of that kind interaction and inputs from Mr. Sathaye, now the new version should be read as -
रूपञ्चाभरणं मे भवनं मे साधनानि च मे ।
इति मे मे कुर्वाणम् कालवृको हन्ति पुरुषाजम् ।।
शुभमस्तु ।

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